Electric Charge Converter
Convert between different units of electric charge including coulomb, ampere-hour, milliampere-hour, and related electrical charge storage units for battery and capacitor analysis.
Quick
Rounded to whole numbers
Rough estimates and quick calculations
Standard
Two decimal places
Most everyday conversions
Precise
Four decimal places
Scientific and engineering work
Current Precision
Standard mode active
Understanding Electric Charge Measurement
Electric charge measures the quantity of electric charge stored or transferred in electrical systems. Fundamental to understanding batteries, capacitors, and electrostatic phenomena, charge is measured in coulombs (SI) or ampere-hours (practical). Charge conservation and quantization are fundamental principles governing all electrical interactions.
Essential Conversion Factors
- • 1 Coulomb = 1 Ampere-second (exact definition)
- • 1 Ampere-hour = 3,600 Coulombs = 3,600 A·s
- • 1 Milliampere-hour = 3.6 Coulombs = 0.001 Ah
- • 1 Kilocoulomb = 1,000 Coulombs = 0.278 Ah
- • 1 Elementary charge = 1.602 × 10⁻¹⁹ Coulombs
Relationship to Electrical Laws
- • Charge (Q) = Current (I) × Time (t)
- • Capacitor energy: E = ½CV² = ½Q²/C
- • Electrostatic force: F = kQ₁Q₂/r² (Coulomb's Law)
- • Current relationship: I = dQ/dt (rate of charge flow)
- • Essential for understanding electrical energy storage and transfer
International Standards
Metric System (SI): Coulombs, ampere-seconds
Practical Units: Ampere-hours, milliampere-hours
Scientific: Femto to giga prefixes
Critical for international electrical engineering
Battery Technology
Capacity ratings, charge/discharge cycles, energy density
Capacitor Design
Energy storage, filtering applications, power delivery
Electrostatic Systems
Precipitation, printing, material handling
Semiconductor Devices
Charge carriers, junction capacitance, device physics
Lightning Protection
Charge dissipation, surge protection, grounding
Medical Devices
Defibrillation energy, pacemaker batteries, electrotherapy
Performance Metrics
- C-rate: Discharge rate relative to capacity (1C = full discharge in 1 hour)
- Energy density: Wh/kg (gravimetric), Wh/L (volumetric)
- Cycle life: Charge/discharge cycles before capacity degradation
- Self-discharge: Charge loss during storage
Critical Design Factors
Understanding charge capacity is essential for battery selection and system design. The relationship between charge, voltage, and energy (E = QV) determines overall system performance and efficiency.
Battery capacity directly impacts device runtime, charging time, and overall user experience in portable electronics.
Safety Protocols
- ESD protection: Human body model (100 pF, 1.5 kΩ)
- Ignition hazards: Minimum ignition energy for flammable materials
- Static dissipation: Controlled discharge rates, grounding requirements
- Clean room standards: Charge generation and dissipation limits
Critical Applications
Essential for electronics manufacturing and hazardous environments. Proper charge management prevents equipment damage, ensures worker safety, and maintains product quality in sensitive manufacturing processes.
⚠️ Always follow proper ESD protocols when working with sensitive electronic components
Primary Applications
- Energy storage: Power delivery, backup systems, pulse applications
- Filtering: Signal processing, power supply smoothing
- Timing circuits: RC time constants, oscillator circuits
- Coupling/decoupling: AC signal transmission, DC blocking
Design Principles
Understanding charge storage mechanisms and dielectric properties is essential for capacitor selection and circuit design. The relationship between charge, voltage, and capacitance (Q = CV) governs energy storage and release characteristics.
Capacitor performance directly impacts circuit stability, filtering effectiveness, and energy efficiency.